985 211是什么意思
"985"和"211" are Chinese education programs that refer to specific types of universities in China.
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985工程 (jiǔ bā shí wǔ gōng chéng), or the "Project 985," was launched in 1999 with the goal of establishing world-class universities in China. The name "985" comes from the date of a Chinese government speech on education reform, which was given on May 1998. There are currently 39 universities considered part of the 985 program.
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211工程 (èr yī yī gōng chéng), or the "Project 211," was launched earlier, in 1995, with the aim of developing top-tier universities and key disciplines in China. The name "211" refers to the year of its establishment, 1995. There are around 112 universities in the 211 program.
Both programs were initiatives by the Chinese government to improve the quality of higher education in the country and to increase the competitiveness of Chinese universities on the global stage. Institutions designated as 985 or 211 receive more funding and resources from the government, which makes them generally more prestigious and competitive to attend. Graduates from these universities are often favored by employers in China.
The distinction between 985 and 211 universities is that 985 universities are a subset of 211 universities, meaning all 985 universities are also 211 universities, but not all 211 universities are 985 universities. 985 universities are considered to be at the top tier of Chinese higher education, with a focus on becoming world-class institutions.
As of my knowledge cutoff in 2023, these programs have been succeeded by the Double First Class University Plan, which aims to develop world-class universities and disciplines by 2050. However, the legacy of the 985 and 211 designations continues to influence the reputation and status of Chinese universities.